Teaching Philosophy

My current philosophy of teaching incorporates five themes, which have been greatly shaped by my encounters with key readings on pedagogy, as understood by the Christian tradition.

The world is charged with the grandeur of God.

It will flame out, like shining from shook foil;

It gathers to a greatness, like the ooze of oil

Crushed. Why do men then now not reck his rod?

Generations have trod, have trod, have trod;

And all is seared with trade; bleared, smeared with toil;

And wears man's smudge and shares man's smell: the soil

Is bare now, nor can foot feel, being shod.

And for all this, nature is never spent;

There lives the dearest freshness deep down things;

And though the last lights off the black West went

Oh, morning, at the brown brink eastward, springs —

Because the Holy Ghost over the bent

World broods with warm breast and with ah! bright wings.


Gerard Manley Hopkins, "God's Grandeur"

Studious Pedagogy

In the poem above, Hopkins writes of the glorious permeation of God through all of creation, the destruction of the world by the selfish, instrumental coercion of humankind, and the persistent, loving presence of God in all things, despite human recklessness. This call to participate in the glorious gifts of creation is echoed by poet Mary Oliver: "Instructions for living a life. Pay attention. Be astonished. Tell about it." My role in Christian liberal arts education is to invite students to notice the glory, receive the gifts, cultivate awe and gratitude, and steward what they have received in such a way that they are active participants in reconciliation.

Paul Griffiths has greatly shaped my thinking about the role of intellectual appetite in the pursuits of learning and teaching. Griffiths argues that while much of Western academia has praised a curious orientation to knowledge, the Christian tradition offers another path: the pursuit of studious engagement with creation. While the curious love the novelty of the objectified spectacle, the studious engage in faithful, intentional engagement with the other, treating the other as an active agent capable of engaging in reciprocal interaction and formation. While the curious aim to conquer and own knowledge for their self-aggrandizement, the studious humbly receive knowledge as a gift of God. While the curious hate what is unknown, the studious love and embrace both what is unknown and what is known. While the curious treat knowledge as an instrumental means to a self-serving end, the studious desire knowledge as an intrinsically worthwhile pursuit which cultivates human virtues and offers unending enjoyment. My aim as an educator is to help cultivate studious persons who engage in lifelong learning and loving stewardship.

Liturgical Pedagogy

I have been deeply impacted by the work of James K.A. Smith, who has challenged Christian educators to shift the focus from a cognitive anthropology focused on shaping students' worldviews (i.e., people as thinking things) to an embodied anthropology focused on shaping students' imaginations and habits (i.e., people as desiring beings). As written by St. Augustine, "My weight is my love. Wherever I am carried my love is carrying me" (Confessions 13.9.10). If the primary aim of the Christian life is to engage in loving relationship with God and others, and if our ultimate telos is the kingdom of God, then it is crucial to engage in a variety of formative practices, or liturgies, in daily life that shape our desires. Unfortunately, students arrive with a history of liturgies which have shaped habits of individualism, hyper-autonomy, consumption, novelty-seeking, and personal achievement-- all of which shape their desires and aim them at a variety of counter-teloi (i.e., teloi that are not the kingdom of God). I am not immune to these deformative practices, as I also participate in cultural liturgies that are in tension with the liturgies of Christianity. However, if I relate to myself and my students as desiring, habituating persons, I can intentionally create opportunities for us to engage in formative practices, which will help shape our habits and desires in light of our ultimate telos. Therefore, I believe that effective pedagogy does not solely target the head; after all, knowledge has historically been used for a variety of virtuous and vicious purposes. Rather, effective pedagogy also targets the heart, via the tangible practices in which we engage and the cultural narratives that provide meaning and context for those practices. My teaching should offer a narrative arc for each course, so that students are invited into a meaningful story, and it should offer practices which shape favorable habits and character qualities, in light of the Christian tradition. My perpetual question is this: "Who are we becoming?" Christ indicated that we would be known as his followers by our love for one another. I must grapple with how I can encourage students to apply their psychological knowledge to their development of the fruit of love: humility, studiousness, patience, temperance, hospitality, compassion, courage, justice, wisdom, and other character qualities associated with the Christian tradition and the Aristotelian tradition of eudaimonic flourishing.

Formative Pedagogy

I am a grateful benefactor of the progress more experienced colleagues have made on the path of Christian pedagogy. I am in the debt of their courageous experimental projects and insightful modeling. I aim to provide students with more than intellectual constructs and categories through which to interpret the world. I want my students to engage in counter-formative practices that begin shaping their habits and desires. While dominant cultural practices shape people into habits of passive consumption, Christian practices shape people into habits of active creation; therefore, my practices in the classroom should enable students to practice the creation of knowledge through active participation. While dominant cultural practices shape people into habits of personal achievement, Christian practices shape people into habits of humility, compassion, and responsibility for the other; therefore, my practices in the classroom should enable students to practice caring for the interests of others. While dominant cultural practices shape people into habits of autonomous self-expression, Christian practices shape people into habits of shared identity and reconciliation; therefore, my practices in the classroom should enable students to practice understanding their knowledge within the Christian tradition and extending hospitality across cultural contexts. The choices I make about how to structure my syllabus, the physical space of my classroom, the assignments I create, the activities I plan on a daily basis, and my interactions with students do not stem primarily from the latest trends in higher-education pedagogy but rather from the ancient virtues and practices of the Christian church. [It just so happens that these Christian practices are often quite resonant with the latest teaching trends, such as movements toward Problem-Based Learning, collaborative learning, and service learning.]


"The very act of creation is an act of creating space. Originally ‘the earth was

formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep’ (Gen. 1:2) and

gradually God created until ‘the heavens and the earth’, as well as humanity, ‘were

completed in their vast array’ (Gen. 2:1). God is the Creator God, the Creator of

space – both literally and metaphorically. Furthermore, in the divine act of the

creation of humanity, this marvelous act of generosity, we have the privilege of

participating in this divine nature – this nature that created space and allows for

spaciousness.

Of course, the divine nature is Trinitarian. God is not a monad – God is a

community of three divine persons. God is also one God. These realities allow not

only for relationship but also for unity and diversity. This Trinitarian understanding

of God means we experience God in relationship with the other within community.

Knowing God as Trinity allows space for the created individual, but only in

relationship to the other."


Cathy Ross, "Creating Space: Hospitality as a Metaphor for Mission"

Relational Pedagogy

In the above quotation, Cathy Ross describes God's Trinitarian nature and acts of creation as the ultimate examples of hospitality. We, in response, are called to lives of hospitality which shape the posture of our teaching and learning. Genuine teaching and learning are not transactional processes; they are relational processes. Relational pedagogy highlights the reciprocity and mutuality of co-learners, while affirming that we do indeed have much to learn; we bring unfinished business to the classroom. In To Know as We are Known, Parker Palmer states, "Life in community is also a continual testing and refining of the fruits of love in my life. Here, in relation to others, I can live out (or discover I am lacking) the peace and joy, the humility and servanthood by which spiritual growth is measured. The community is a discipline of mutual encouragement and mutual testing, keeping me both hopeful and honest about the love that seeks me, the love I seek to be" (p. 18). Thus, participation in an academic community is an invitation to reciprocal accountability; through relationships with my colleagues and students, the authenticity of my ideals is tested. I have to be willing for my students to keep me honest: can I practice what I teach? As a teacher, my stance is not one of all-knowing giver, offering pure kernels of truth to my students, passively situated with outstretched hands; my stance is one of co-recipient and guide. I have received generous gifts of knowledge from God, the Knower and Giver of all things, and I can participate with students through offering what I have received and through accepting the gifts they have received and want to pass on, too. As Palmer states, "To learn is to face transformation. To learn the truth is to enter into relationships requiring us to respond as well as initiate, to give as well as take" (p. 40). I must be willing for the process of teaching to impact and transform me, to be "read" by the authors I read, to be known as a person by my students, and to have my life disrupted and transformed by the truths about myself and the world which I encounter along the way.

Self-Involving Pedagogy

It seems to me that a teacher cannot hide. The vocation of teaching is sometimes thankless, often flaw-revealing, and always vulnerable. It is the vulnerability of teaching, the way teaching impacts our very hearts and lives, which makes it so very enriching and rewarding. In The Courage to Teach, Parker Palmer asserts that, "the personal can never be divorced from the professional. 'We teach who we are' in times of darkness as well as light" (p. xix). With Palmer's encouragement, I seek to explore not only what I will teach and how I will teach but also why I will teach and who we are becoming as teachers and learners together. I believe that good teaching is not merely the performance of time-tested and empirically-validated techniques but rather emerges from the being of the teacher. This parallels a conviction about the psychotherapeutic process that I often share with my students: it is not a collection of tactics or techniques which leads to therapeutic transformation; it is the relationship between counselor and client that heals. The quality of my pedagogy will only be as strong as the current state of my soul, which means that I have a responsibility to attend to the care of my inner being. As a community of scholars, one of the best ways to fortify the quality of our teaching is to pursue practices together which support care for the personhood of our colleagues and students. Applying Palmer's ideas broadly, our questions at all levels, from individual courses to university-wide initiatives should always move beyond "What works?" (i.e., a utilitarian question) to "Who are we, and why will we pursue this?" The questions of why and who maintain our integrity as individual persons and as a unified community. As a member of the teaching faculty, I hope that my feeble attempts to model self-involving learning will encourage students to ask the whys and whos in their own lives, too. If vocation is "the unification of who we are with what we do" (p. x), then I cannot think of a more personally satisfying vocation than teaching within the context of Christian liberal arts higher education.

Photo: Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Fort Wayne, IndianaArt piece: The Hospitality of Abraham (The Trinity), Andrei Rublev, 1411-1427